Survey of India states + LGD/Bharatmaps districts (DataMeet / ramSeraph mirror)fetched 9 Nov, 08:47 IST · fetch 44144
Why the rule calls it a burn
Rule s2burn-rules-2
Pixels in the scar
78
Near-infrared darkened (dB8A)
0.214
Short-wave infrared 1 darkened (dB11)
0.230
Short-wave infrared 2 darkened (dB12)
0.089
Burned-area index after (BAIS2)
1.03
Brightness after
0.26
Greenness before, after (NDVI)
0.24, 0.10
Burn ratio change (dNBR), NBR after
0.33, −0.29
The detection rule
Sentinel-2 L2A, cropland only: NIR and SWIR darkened since the previous clear pass (dB8A>0.07, dB11>0.07, dB12>0.03) and the field now looks charred (BAIS2>=0.78, brightness<=0.34); passes at most 6 days apart; clusters of at least 0.52 ha whose mean post-burn NBR is below 0.0 (drops flooded fields and cloud shadows). Candidates: tillage can look similar.
When a burn counts as unseen
unseen = no FIRMS detection within max(1 km, pixel half-diagonal + 200 m) of the scar between the clear pass before it and 3 h after the pass that shows it
Known look-alikes: cloud and smoke-plume shadows in partly cloudy passes and flooded fields with mean post NBR just below 0 still pass, often with high confidence; tillage of wet soil can mimic char; a hazy pre pass can exaggerate the darkening.
Aqua MODIS3.8 km
Sun 8 Nov, 16:00 IST · 6.3 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS3.8 km
Sat 31 Oct, 15:51 IST · 21.8 MW · high confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS3.8 km
Sun 1 Nov, 16:30 IST · 22.8 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
NOAA-20 VIIRS4.0 km
Sun 1 Nov, 13:03 IST · 2.4 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS4.1 km
Sun 8 Nov, 16:00 IST · 8.6 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS4.2 km
Sun 1 Nov, 16:30 IST · 34.6 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS4.4 km
Sun 8 Nov, 16:00 IST · 13.5 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Suomi NPP VIIRS4.4 km
Sat 31 Oct, 14:41 IST · 5.3 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS4.5 km
Sat 31 Oct, 15:51 IST · 9.5 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
Aqua MODIS4.5 km
Sun 1 Nov, 16:30 IST · 19.6 MW · nominal confidence
Outside the burn window
An alert explains a scar when it falls within 1.3 km of it, inside the burn window.
Weather between the passes
Open-Meteo best-match model, 30 of 30 hours
Afternoon wind, mean8 km/h
Afternoon mixing height, mean658 m
Rain in the window0.0 mm
Wind at 10 m, km/hMixing height, m
Arrows point where the wind blew. A low mixing height keeps smoke near the ground.
Sentinel-2 scenesS2C_T43RDQ_20261102T053957_L2A and S2B_T43RDQ_20261107T054750_L2A
Candidate unseen burns as a whole: audit precision 87% (95% CI 68%–96%, n = 23), checked by eye.
How often this rule is right: when people checked a random sample of candidate unseen burns by eye, the audit precision was 87% (95% CI 68%–96%, n = 23).
